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Under the label garden pumps, you can find a wide range of pumps for water supply, garden spraying, or transferring water from tanks. Available in self-priming or submersible versions, they can be portable or permanently installed, suitable for pumping both clean and waste water.
Water gardens require water movement to ensure recirculation and aeration, which are necessary for a healthy aquatic environment. This can be achieved by installing a pump or filter. Pumps help maintain clean water in your pond or biotope and contribute to the even distribution of nutrients for fish, plants, and other aquatic organisms. Flowing water also reduces the risk of mosquitoes on the water surface, helps combat algae formation, and ensures even oxygen distribution at all water depths. Garden pumps can also be used to power fountains.
There are different variants of garden pumps – submersible pumps, with magnetic or electric drive. Each has advantages for specific applications. It is advisable to carefully evaluate which variant is optimal for your garden before purchasing a pump. It is clear that a pump serving circulation in your pond or lake will have different requirements than a pump intended for a fountain in a basin. The calculation of the pump size/power largely depends on the size of the pond, but also on its use – just for circulation or also for water filtration. Another factor to consider when choosing is the number of fish or plants in the pond – the more there are, the higher the demands on the filtration pump.
Submersible pumps are designed, as the name suggests, to be completely submerged in the deepest part of the pond. The main advantage of submersible pumps is easy installation. Submersible pumps do not need to be covered in nature and therefore do not disrupt the landscape. Another clear advantage is quiet operation; submersible pumps are quiet and will certainly not disturb you while contemplating in your garden. Some submersible pumps use oil during operation – avoid these in the case of a "live pond".
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External pumps are a reliable, affordable, and economical solution for water circulation in your pond. They can transfer large amounts of water and are often less expensive than submersible pumps. The downside is the more complex installation of the device and noisier operation, both of which are compensated by generally higher reliability. It is important to know whether the pump is self-priming or if it draws its own water. For pumps that are not self-priming, a check valve must be installed to prevent motor damage when turned off and quickly turned back on.
In magnetic pumps, an electric charge creates a magnetic field and causes the impeller to rotate, thus driving water pumping. Magnetic pumps are completely sealed and do not require lubrication. Since they do not contain oil, they are suitable for ponds with fish – in case of leakage. This type of pump is not capable of pumping water "high" vertically, so it is not suitable for creating, for example, fountains.
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Direct drive pumps have an enclosed motor, powered by electricity, which rotates the impeller shaft. These pumps can achieve high lift and are thus suitable for pumping to high heights (therefore use them to beautify your garden in the form of waterfalls or fountains). We recommend using pumps that do not have oil, which could kill fish in your pond in case of leakage. However, many newer pumps have alternative oil lubrication that is safe for fish.
Selecting the right pump size will ensure proper water circulation in the pond. It is advisable to slightly oversize the pump, as there is a direct correlation – the larger the pump, the more expensive it is. If the pump does not already have a pump head installed, it is necessary to calculate how much water the pump is capable of pumping before purchasing it. One of the selection rules is that the pump should be able to transfer half the volume of the pond every hour. This rule, of course, only applies to smaller garden ponds. To make the right choice of pump, several calculations need to be made:
Flow for filtration
Flow for filtration in litres = 0.5 x pond volume (in l)
Flow for fountains
For every 3 centimetres of fountain width at the top, you will need a pump capacity of 400 l
Flow for waterfalls
Small waterfall = 100l X waterfall width in cm
Medium waterfall = 200l X waterfall width in cm
Large waterfall = 400l X waterfall width in cm
Pond volume
Pond volume = 3.14 x pond radius x pond radius x average pond depth
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