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An electronic circulation pump is now an essential part of any heating system. It ensures the circulation of water from the heat source to the heating elements, such as radiators or underfloor heating. Incorrect installation of the circulation pump leads to lower heating performance and can also damage the heating system. Therefore, do not neglect the installation. What should you keep in mind?
For the proper functioning of the circulation pump, its placement within the heating system is crucial. This should be determined by the designer who planned your house or heating system.
However, if you decide to install the circulation pump yourself, there are basically two ways to place it – either on the so-called return pipe, where cold water circulates back to the boiler, or on the pipe where hot water circulates from the boiler. In the past, it was recommended to place circulation pumps exclusively on the cold water pipe due to potential heat damage. However, modern circulation pumps are made from materials that can easily withstand hot water. Therefore, if for some reason you cannot install the pump on the return pipe, you can also install it at the start of the circuit without any problems.
It is also worth noting that the circulation pump should be easily accessible for potential repairs or adjustments.
If you are replacing an old circulation pump in an existing heating system, you must adhere to certain parameters when purchasing a new one. The new pump should primarily have the same hydraulic performance, spacing or installation length, and diameter of the connection threads. However, if you are replacing the circulation pump due to an increase in the area of underfloor heating or the number of radiators, it is necessary to adjust the hydraulic performance of the pump to the new conditions.
Exercise extra caution when dismantling the old circulation pump. The pump may contain hot water, and under high pressure, there is a risk of scalding. Therefore, carefully drain the pump before dismantling.
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The pump's head or performance is determined by the length of the piping, not the height of the house.
If you have already chosen the location for the circulation pump installation, or you have dismantled the old pump, the next step is the mechanical connection of the new one. First, assemble the circulation pump system in this way:
There must be valves before and after the pump, which will allow the water flow to be stopped in case of repair or dismantling of the pump. Screw the valves onto the pump threads. Sometimes a tap is installed only before the pump, and a check valve is placed after the pump, but for greater safety and convenience when handling the pump, it is better to have two valves. Valves can also be replaced with so-called shut-off fittings, which are closed using an Allen key.
A filter, which captures any impurities and prevents clogging of the pump, must be placed before the pump and in the direction indicated by the arrow on the filter. Install a check valve after the pump. If there is no air vent filter included with the pump, connect it to the system as well. All connections must be properly sealed with heating system seals, preferably rubber. Mount the assembled system with the pump onto the heating system pipes using brass fittings.
You can find the possible positions of the circulation pump in the manual for the specific model, usually allowing for a choice between vertical or horizontal positions. However, it is always necessary to follow the direction of water flow, which is indicated by arrows directly on the pump. The switch box must not be above the pump, as it would prevent proper venting of the pump.
The pump must not be under voltage during installation!
If you have successfully installed the circulation pump on the piping, it needs to be connected to electricity. Pumps are typically powered by 230 V electrical voltage. Verify this value in the manual for the specific pump.
In addition to the pump motor itself, depending on the specific model, it may be necessary to connect a control unit and thermal sensors. A circulation pump is a relatively complex electronic device, and therefore its installation into the electrical network can only be performed by a person authorized according to regulation 50/1998 Coll. Incorrect electrical installation could lead not only to pump damage but also to injuries.
A suitable addition to the circulation pump system is a backup power source, which ensures its uninterrupted operation in case of a power outage.
The required number of circulation pumps is determined by the length of the piping. Generally, one pump is sufficient for piping with a total length of 80 m. If you have longer piping or underfloor heating, it is recommended to install multiple circulation pumps. Otherwise, the pressure would not be sufficient, and the distribution of hot water in the heating system would be uneven.
If you have multiple boilers, you need at least one pump for each. If you install multiple pumps on one boiler, it is advisable to also connect a so-called hydraulic separator, which balances the pressure in the boiler. Excessive pressure during the simultaneous operation of multiple pumps could lead to boiler damage.
Before commissioning, some pumps need to be vented and set to the desired mode, or performance. Unvented pumps are noisy and can be permanently damaged. However, some modern circulation pumps vent and adjust automatically.
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