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Hydraulic pressure equalising headers (low-loss headers) are used to separate the primary and secondary circuits of a heating system. They ensure a stable flow through the boiler and prevent water being “pulled” between individual pumps in the building. At the same time, they act as an effective dirt separator and air vent, thereby protecting the entire system from damage.
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A low loss header is a key component in modern heating systems where multiple circulation pumps are used (e.g. the boiler circuit and several heating circuits). Its main purpose is to hydraulically separate the primary circuit (heat source) from the secondary circuit (loads).
Pressure equalisation: Eliminates mutual interference between pumps. This prevents a more powerful pump in one circuit from “pulling” water from another circuit.
Boiler protection: Ensures a constant flow through the heat source, extending the boiler’s service life and preventing thermal stress.
Air venting and separation: The low loss header’s design naturally helps remove air from the system and trap impurities (sludge), which collect at the bottom.
Optimal operation: Allows the system to run efficiently even with different temperature differentials and flow rates in individual branches.
We recommend a low loss header wherever the flow through the heat source differs from the total flow in the heating system. Typically, this applies to systems with:
A combination of underfloor heating and radiators.
Multiple heat sources connected in cascade.
Buffer tanks and more complex control.
Technical note: A correctly sized low loss header should have sufficient volume to keep the flow velocity within its body very low (0.1 to 0.2 m/s), enabling perfect hydraulic balancing and separation of impurities.
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